Growing Tomatoes in Zone 3 Alberta ⋆ Owl Creek Farm

Introduction

If you’ve found your way here, you live in or near Zone 3, a very-inhospitable-to-green-things area of the world, and want to improve your chances of getting a good crop of homegrown tomatoes. The good news is that it is quite easy to find yourself with an overflowing freezer, pantry, and fridge, and all your friends refusing more “gifts”. There is no bad news, though failures happen, usually due to crazy weather, not the fault of the gardener.

Tomatoes are a short season crop, relatively speaking – they don’t need an overly long period of growth to produce, so we can easily plant after last frost and not risk losing tomatoes to the first fall frost.

Choosing your tomato seed

Selecting the appropriate tomato seed is usually the first step, done on a frozen February day in a Peavey Mart or Canadian Tire with your head filled with longing for our wonderfully long summer evenings. My personal favourite seed company has become West Coast Seed. Their collection is tailored for various climates, including the rigorous conditions of Zone 3, and ensures that you find seeds well-suited for success. Plus, they’re no-GMO.

There’s many types of tomatoes with many, many types that suit multiple purposes, but I have 3 general groups:

Cherry, or Grape, those sweet little bite sized gems so great for snacking on (or putting in pasta salad).
Then there’s the “Roma” – the smaller, oval shaped tomatoes that are firm and full of flavour, perfect for salads and salsas (like the Pico de Gallo in my Fish Taco recipe!).
Last is the slicing tomatoes, the fatter, bigger tomatoes used on sandwiches and burgers, though many use them as a base for simple snacks and top with things like cottage cheese.

I usually try to grow at least a few plants in all 3 groups, which really helps get to that point I mentioned at the beginning about having too many tomatoes everywhere.

Anyway, you can explore the tomato seeds available on the West Coast Seed website, particularly those designed for colder climates. Look for characteristics such as cold resistance and early maturation (for example, Early Girl), which are vital for thriving in the shorter growing seasons and cooler temperatures of Zone 3.

Starting Seeds Indoors

Given the relatively short growing season in this region of Alberta, starting tomato seeds indoors is beneficial to have tomatoes earlier in the season. Begin the indoor sowing process about 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date. For my area, that is around June 1, but I wait until June 8 to actually move anything outside (after a proper hardening off period). Use high quality seed starting soil mix and provide adequate light (grow lights are often necessary, but expensive ones aren’t), warmth, and humidity to encourage robust seedling development.

Rotate what you grow

As I wrote in my Growing Potatoes post, never plant tomatoes where potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, or eggplant were grown for at least the past 2 years, optimally 4 years. Crop rotation is vital for a healthy garden and is one of the major problems in commercial agriculture: not enough crop rotation leads to diseases and poor nutrients.

Site Selection and Soil Preparation

Selecting an optimal site for your tomato patch is a critical step in overcoming the challenges of Zone 3 Alberta, especially when dealing with the region’s prevalent clay soil. Aim for a location that receives ample sunlight throughout the day. To address the issue of heavy clay soil, consider implementing raised beds, which not only enhance soil warmth but also provide an opportunity to easily amend the texture.

Raised beds also allow for better drainage and prevent waterlogging, common issues in heavy clay soils. The elevated nature of the beds also aids in faster warming of the soil in the spring, promoting earlier planting and a longer growing season for your tomatoes.

Whether your location is in the ground or in a raised bed, begin the soil preparation process by incorporating generous amounts of organic matter, such as well-rotted compost, into the clay soil. This not only improves nutrients that will be available to plants, but also enhances drainage and aeration, mitigating the challenges posed by the naturally compact nature of clay. Work the organic matter into the soil at least several inches deep, creating a nutrient-rich foundation for your tomato plants.

Incorporating a layer of coarse sand or perlite into the soil mixture can further improve drainage and break up the heavy texture of clay. This combination of organic matter and mineral amendments creates an ideal environment for tomato roots to thrive, ensuring a healthier and more productive crop.

Transplanting and Frost Protection

Once the threat of frost has subsided, usually in late spring or early summer, it’s time to transplant your tomato seedlings into the prepared outdoor beds. However, before you dive into transplanting, it’s crucial to prepare your seedlings for the transition by employing a process called “hardening off.”

Hardening off is a gradual acclimatization of seedlings to outdoor conditions. Start by placing your seedlings outdoors in a sheltered spot for short periods, gradually increasing the exposure to sunlight and wind over the course of a week. This helps toughen up the plants, making them better equipped to handle the outdoor environment.

When you’ve successfully hardened off your tomato seedlings, it’s time to transplant them into the designated beds. Ensure the soil is well-prepared as mentioned above. Plant the seedlings at a depth that covers the roots and the lower part of the stem, providing stability and support.

To safeguard your newly transplanted tomatoes from potential late spring frosts, consider using protective measures such as row covers/frost blankets or individual cloches (milk jugs or pop bottles with the tops removed are a cheap alternative). These temporary shields offer an extra layer of insulation during chilly nights, shielding your plants from the cold and ensuring a smooth transition into their outdoor home.

Regularly monitor your outdoor thermometer and weather forecasts and be prepared to cover your tomato plants if a late season frost is possible. Additionally, consider placing mulch around the base of the plants to retain soil warmth and protect the roots from temperature fluctuations.

Mulching and Watering

Mulching is an excellent practice for conserving soil moisture and regulating temperature. A layer of organic mulch, such as straw or shredded leaves, helps to retain heat, suppress weeds, and prevent soil erosion. Consistent watering is also essential for tomatoes, especially during dry spells. Aim for deep, consistent watering to encourage strong root development.

Tomato Supports and Cages

Providing adequate support becomes essential to ensure healthy development and a fruitful harvest. Tomatoes have a tendency to sprawl and can become susceptible to diseases when in contact with the soil. To counter this and optimize their growth, employing suitable supports and cages is a wise gardening practice.

Remember to install the supports early in the growing season to avoid disturbing the roots once the plants are established. By incorporating these support methods, you not only safeguard your tomatoes from potential damage but also create an environment conducive to optimal growth, resulting in a robust and productive harvest in Zone 3 Alberta.

Sturdy Stakes: One of the simplest and effective methods of supporting tomato plants is by using sturdy stakes. Drive the stakes into the soil near each plant, and as the tomatoes grow, gently tie them to the stakes using soft garden twine. This keeps the plants upright, promotes better airflow, and helps prevent the risk of diseases caused by soil contact.
Tomato Cages: Tomato cages are purpose-built structures that encircle the tomato plant, providing 360-degree support. These cages are particularly useful for determinate varieties or those with a more compact growth habit. Choose cages with ample space between the wires for easy access to the growing tomatoes and to facilitate proper air circulation.
DIY Supports: If you prefer a hands-on approach, consider creating your own supports using materials like wooden stakes, PVC pipes, or even repurposed materials. Drive the stakes into the ground and secure them with horizontal bars or strings as the plants grow. This customizable approach allows you to tailor the support to the specific needs of your tomato plants.
Adjustable Supports: In the ever-changing weather conditions of Zone 3, having adjustable supports can be advantageous. Look for cages or stakes with adjustable heights to accommodate the growth of your tomatoes. This flexibility ensures that the supports remain effective throughout the entire growing season.

Pruning Tomato Plants: Enhancing Growth and Harvest

Pruning tomato plants is a valuable practice that can significantly impact their overall health, productivity, and fruit quality. While tomatoes are known for their robust growth, allowing them to sprawl can lead to increased susceptibility to diseases and reduced yields. By understanding how and why to prune, gardeners can promote better air circulation, prevent disease, and encourage the development of larger, healthier fruit.

Why Prune Tomato Plants:

Focus Energy on Fruit Production: Tomato plants have a natural tendency to produce more foliage than necessary. Pruning redirects the plant’s energy from excessive vegetative growth to fruit development. This results in larger, more flavorful tomatoes and a more efficient use of the plant’s resources.
Improved Airflow: One of the primary reasons to prune tomato plants is to enhance airflow around the foliage. Good air circulation is crucial for preventing the development of fungal diseases, such as early blight and powdery mildew. Pruning helps reduce the density of the foliage, allowing air to reach all parts of the plant.
Disease Prevention: Pruning removes lower leaves that are more susceptible to soil-borne pathogens. By keeping the lower part of the plant free from contact with the soil, you minimize the risk of diseases taking hold. This is particularly important in areas with shorter growing seasons where diseases can hinder the plant’s overall productivity.
Manage Plant Size: Controlling the size of tomato plants may be important, especially in limited garden space. Pruning helps maintain a more compact and manageable plant structure, making it easier to support and harvest.

How to Prune Tomato Plants:

Identify Suckers: Suckers are the small shoots that emerge in the crotch between the main stem and branches. They can divert energy from fruit production, so it’s advisable to remove them. Pinch off suckers when they are small, using your fingers to gently snap them off.
Remove Lower Leaves: As the tomato plant grows, the lower leaves come into contact with the soil. Prune these leaves to prevent the spread of soil-borne diseases. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to remove the leaves without causing unnecessary damage to the plant.
Pruning Frequency: Regular pruning is key to maintaining a healthy and well-structured tomato plant. Monitor your plants every week or two and remove any unwanted growth promptly. This consistent approach helps manage the plant’s size and encourages the development of a strong, productive framework.
A Note on Indeterminate Varieties: Indeterminate tomato varieties, which continue to grow and produce fruit throughout the season, benefit significantly from pruning. Remove excessive growth, especially from the center of the plant, to improve air circulation and direct energy towards fruit-bearing branches.

By incorporating proper pruning techniques, you’ll be optimizing the growth of your tomato plants in Zone 3 Alberta. This hands-on approach not only contributes to a healthier garden but also results in a more abundant and flavorful harvest when the growing season is limited.

Determining Ripeness and Harvesting Tomatoes

Recognize the signs of ripeness to ensure you always harvest your tomatoes at the peak of flavor. Just a note though, it’s better to pick your tomatoes too early and allow them to ripen off the vine, than too late, when they becomes flavourless and mushy.

1. Color Change: The most noticeable indicator of tomato ripeness is a change in color. Different tomato varieties exhibit various color changes, but in general, tomatoes transition from green to red, yellow, orange, or other hues depending on the cultivar. Look for a uniform color across the entire tomato, and note that some varieties may remain green when ripe.

2. Firmness: Gently squeeze the tomato to assess its firmness. A ripe tomato should yield slightly to pressure without being too soft. Overly soft tomatoes may be overripe, while those that are too firm might need more time on the vine.

3. Glossiness: Ripe tomatoes often have a glossy sheen to their skin. This is a good indicator of maturity. Dull or matte skin may suggest that the tomato is not yet fully ripe.

4. Aroma: The aroma of a ripe tomato is unmistakable. Lean in and take a whiff – a sweet, earthy fragrance indicates that the tomato is ready for harvest. This method is particularly useful for varieties with distinct aromatic qualities.

5. Size and Shape: While size and shape vary between different tomato varieties, a mature tomato should generally have reached its expected size and shape. Be familiar with the typical characteristics of the tomatoes you’re growing to identify when they are ready to be picked.

Harvesting Tomatoes:

Use Pruning Shears or Scissors: When harvesting tomatoes, use clean and sharp pruning shears or scissors. This ensures a clean cut, minimizing the risk of damage to the plant and reducing the chances of introducing diseases.
Time of Day: Some sources say that the morning is the optimal time for harvesting tomatoes. At this time, the fruits are usually cool, and the plants are turgid. Harvesting in the morning helps preserve the quality of the tomatoes.
Cut with a Short Stem: Cut the tomatoes with a short stem attached. Leaving a small stem helps prevent the entry of diseases into the fruit and enhances its shelf life.
Handle with Care: Handle harvested tomatoes with care to avoid bruising or damaging the skin. Place them in a basket or container, avoiding excessive stacking that could lead to crushing.
Green Shoulders: Some tomato varieties may develop improperly (due to heat or other factors) and end up with a green tint around the stem, even when fully ripe. This is known as “green shoulders.” If the rest of the tomato shows signs of ripeness, including color, aroma, and firmness, you can harvest them, disposing of the green if desired.

Conclusion

As we conclude our expedition into the realm of cultivating tomatoes in the challenging landscapes of West-Central Alberta (Zone 3), we find that with the right preparation and a touch of gardening finesse, growing tomatoes becomes a joyous and rewarding venture. The drama of our introduction aside, the journey through selecting the right varieties, starting seeds indoors, site selection, and dealing with the infamous Alberta clay soil has been an enlightening one. By exploring the nuances of transplanting, frost protection, and the essential practices of mulching, watering, and providing proper support, we’ve equipped ourselves to navigate the unique challenges of this northern climate.

Remember, pruning isn’t just a horticultural chore; it’s a dance with nature to ensure robust growth and a bountiful harvest. Finally, as we approach the climax of ripeness and harvesting, let’s appreciate the sensory delight that a sun-warmed, vine-ripened tomato brings. With a variety of resources at our disposal, including local extensions, seed suppliers like West Coast Seed, and online communities, our journey continues beyond this guide. So, armed with knowledge, passion, and perhaps a dramatic flair for gardening, let’s embark on this green-thumbed adventure in Zone 3 Alberta. May your tomato harvest be plentiful, your gardening days joyous, and your thumbs ever so green!

Bonus: Savoring Summer’s Bounty: Delectable Recipes for Fresh Tomatoes

As your garden yields a vibrant array of freshly ripened tomatoes, it’s time to celebrate the harvest with a medley of delightful recipes that showcase the unparalleled flavor and versatility of this seasonal fruit. From crisp salads to hearty mains, these dishes make the most of your homegrown tomatoes.

Caprese Salad with Balsamic Glaze: A classic that never fails to impress, Caprese Salad is a celebration of fresh flavors. Layer slices of ripe tomatoes with creamy mozzarella, fragrant basil leaves, and a drizzle of balsamic glaze. Sprinkle with a pinch of sea salt and cracked black pepper for a simple yet divine dish.
Bruschetta with Tomato and Basil: Transform your homegrown tomatoes into a mouth watering topping for bruschetta. Combine diced tomatoes with minced garlic, fresh basil, olive oil, and a dash of balsamic vinegar. Spoon this vibrant mixture onto toasted baguette slices for a delightful appetizer.
Tomato Basil Pasta: Elevate a classic pasta dish with the vibrant flavors of homegrown tomatoes and fresh basil. Toss cooked pasta with a medley of diced tomatoes, garlic, olive oil, and chopped basil. Finish with a sprinkle of Parmesan cheese for a quick and satisfying meal.
Gazpacho: Embrace the refreshing flavors of summer with a chilled bowl of Gazpacho. Blend ripe tomatoes with cucumber, bell peppers, onions, garlic, and a hint of olive oil. Season with salt, pepper, and a splash of red wine vinegar. Serve this cold soup for a light and cooling appetizer.
Tomato Basil Mozzarella Skewers: Create elegant and bite-sized appetizers by threading cherry tomatoes, fresh mozzarella balls, and basil leaves onto skewers. Drizzle with balsamic glaze and olive oil for a visually appealing and flavorful party treat.
Stuffed Tomatoes with Quinoa and Herbs: Combine the heartiness of quinoa with the juicy goodness of tomatoes by preparing stuffed tomatoes. Mix cooked quinoa with herbs like parsley and mint, diced tomatoes, and feta cheese. Fill hollowed-out tomatoes with this flavorful mixture for a wholesome and satisfying dish.
Tomato and Avocado Salsa: Kick up your salsa game by incorporating ripe tomatoes and creamy avocados. Dice tomatoes, avocados, red onions, and cilantro. Toss them together with lime juice, salt, and a pinch of cayenne pepper for a refreshing salsa that pairs perfectly with tortilla chips or grilled proteins.
Tomato Basil Tart: Elevate your baking skills with a savory tomato basil tart. Arrange sliced tomatoes on a puff pastry base, sprinkle with fresh basil, and drizzle with balsamic reduction before baking. The result is a visually stunning and delectable tart that captures the essence of summer.
Tomato and Feta Bruschetta Chicken: Infuse your chicken dinner with the flavors of fresh tomatoes and feta. Top grilled or baked chicken breasts with a mixture of diced tomatoes, feta cheese, olives, and fresh oregano. This Mediterranean-inspired dish is a feast for the senses.
Tomato and Herb Focaccia: Put your baking prowess to the test by preparing a tomato and herb focaccia. Top your favorite focaccia dough with sliced tomatoes, fresh herbs like rosemary and thyme, and a drizzle of olive oil. Bake until golden brown for a fragrant and savory bread that complements any meal.

With these recipe ideas, you can savor the essence of summer with every bite. Whether you’re a fan of salads, appetizers, or hearty mains, these dishes showcase the unparalleled flavor and versatility of fresh, homegrown tomatoes. So, roll up your sleeves, gather the bounty from your garden, and let the culinary adventure begin!

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Amy

Blog Author and Co-owner at Owl Creek Farm

wife + mom to 4 + 2 dogs and 3 cats. xennial. introvert. adhd. love audiobooks (mostly sci-fi), gaming (mostly wow), cooking/baking, vegetable gardening, indoor plants. animal welfare and mental health.

Growing Tomatoes in Zone 3 Alberta